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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrisel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Magnetic Resonance in Solids</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Magnetic Resonance in Solids</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2072-5981</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Federal University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/mrsej-24107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrisel-246</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Room temperature ferromagnetism of graphite: Impurity induced vs intrinsic origin</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saad</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msaad797@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan 420008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tayurskii</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan 420008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiiamov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan 420008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan 420008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>SPECIAL ISSUE dedicated to Boris I. Kochelaev's 90th birthday</issue-title><elocation-id>24107 (10 pp.)</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Saad M., Nikitin S.I., Tayurskii D.A., Kiiamov A.G., Yusupov R.V., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Saad M., Nikitin S.I., Tayurskii D.A., Kiiamov A.G., Yusupov R.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saad M., Nikitin S.I., Tayurskii D.A., Kiiamov A.G., Yusupov R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mrsej.ru/jour/article/view/246">https://www.mrsej.ru/jour/article/view/246</self-uri><abstract><p>In this study, we report an experimental attempt to resolve whether ferromagnetism of graphite nanoflakes is an intrinsic phenomenon or it solely originates from impurities. A comparative study of either a nominally undoped or intentionally contaminated with NiO or Gd2O3 samples was performed. We show, first, that a detectable by X-ray diffraction contamination may occur via the agate mortar/pestle working surfaces if prior to sample dispersion it was used for grinding of hard oxides. Second, we find a systematic trend in a development of a FM component of all three samples under vacuum annealing at 400 or 800◦C. Third, we notice that the samples notably contaminated with NiO or Gd2O3 do not reveal any drastic enhancement in ferromagnetism with respect to the sample free from intentional doping, contrary to an expectation related to nickel and gadolinium oxides reduction to metallic ferromagnetic at room temperature state. As a result, we conclude that ferromagnetism of graphite nanoflakes is probably an intrinsic phenomenon that could be stimulated slightly by NiO or Gd2O3 impurities, though an impact of the agate (SiO2) contamination itself may also play a role.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>graphite</kwd><kwd>nanoflakes</kwd><kwd>ferromagnetism</kwd><kwd>impurities</kwd><kwd>annealing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">M. Saad acknowledges partial support from the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University to fulfill the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities (project No. FZSM-2023-0012). The work was supported the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Strategic Academic Leadership Program Priority-2030 for the Kazan Federal University).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharpe A.L., Fox E.J., Barnard A.W., Finney J., Watanabe K., Taniguchi T., Kastner M.A., Goldhaber-Gordon D. Science 365 605 (2019)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharpe A.L., Fox E.J., Barnard A.W., Finney J., Watanabe K., Taniguchi T., Kastner M.A., Goldhaber-Gordon D. Science 365 605 (2019)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharpe A.L., Fox E.J., Barnard A.W., Finney J., Watanabe K., Taniguchi T., Kastner M.A., Goldhaber-Gordon D. 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